Five-county half-cent sales tax would include Contra Costa County, last 14 years; in addition to existing half-cent BART operations sales tax

By John Goodwin, Assistant Director of Communications & Rebecca Long, Director, Legislation & Public Affairs, Metropolitan Transportation Commission 

Gov. Gavin Newsom on Monday, October 13, 2025, signed into law state Senate Bill 63, authorizing a November 2026 ballot measure to prevent major service cuts at BART and other Bay Area transit systems and to make improvements to transit affordability, accessibility and reliability in the region. The new law allows the measure to be placed on the ballot either through action by a newly formed Public Transit Revenue Measure District governed by the same board as the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) or via a citizen’s initiative.

The half-cent sales tax would be in addition to the half-cent sales tax for BART operations in Contra Costa, Alameda and San Francisco counties in place since the 1960’s.

Enactment of the bill — authored by state senators Scott Wiener (D-11) of San Francisco and Jesse Arreguín (D-7) of Berkeley, and co-authored by Sen. Laura Richardson of Los Angeles County and Assemblymembers Mia Bonta (D-18) of Alameda County and Matt Haney (D-17) and Catherine Stefani (D-19) of San Francisco — clears the way for voters in Alameda, Contra Costa, San Francisco, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties to consider a 14-year regional transportation sales tax that would generate approximately $980 million annually across the five counties. The bill authorizes voter consideration of a half-cent sales tax in Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties and a one-cent sales tax in San Francisco. 

Approximately 60 percent of the revenue that would be raised if voters approve the measure will be dedicated to preserving service on BART, Muni, Caltrain, AC Transit — which an independent analysis confirmed face annual deficits of more than $800 million annually starting in fiscal year 2027-28 — as well as San Francisco Bay Ferry and smaller transit agencies providing service in the five counties to keep buses, trains and ferries moving. About one-third of the revenue would go to Contra Costa Transportation Authority, Santa Clara VTA, SamTrans and the Alameda County Transportation Commission, with flexibility to use funds for transit capital, operations, or road paving projects on roads with regular bus service. 

If a regional tax measure wins voters’ approval next fall, about 4.5 percent, equivalent to $43 million in fiscal year 2027-28, will go toward improving the rider experience, funding priorities identified in the 2021 Bay Area Transit Transformation Action Plan.

“In addition to averting major service cuts for regional operators, MTC advocated for the measure to include dedicated funding to make Bay Area transit more affordable, reliable, and easy to use so that it becomes a system that will attract more riders,” noted Commission Chair and Pleasant Hill Mayor Sue Noack. 

The suite of rider-focused improvements includes: 

• Free and reduced-fare transfers that could save multi-agency riders up to $1,500 per year and are estimated to increase transit ridership by some 30,000 trips per day.
• Expansion of the Clipper START^® program, which provides a 50% fare discount, to reach 100,000 additional low-income adults.
• Improvements to accessibility for seniors and people with disabilities.
• Transit-priority projects to make bus trips faster, and mapping and wayfinding improvements to make transit easier to use.

Bay Area transit riders take more than 1 million trips each day, with over 80 percent of these trips on Muni, BART, Caltrain or AC Transit. Riders include tens of thousands of students, seniors, people with disabilities, and low-income residents who can’t afford to own a car. Clipper START customers accounted for nearly 400,000 transit trips across the region in August 2025 and the fare-discount program is growing at a rate of more than 20,000 customers each year. 

 SB 63 includes several oversight and accountability provisions to reassure voters their tax dollars will be used responsibly. These include establishing an independent oversight committee to ensure expenditures are consistent with the law. Membership will include at least one representative from each county in the Public Transit Revenue Measure District, appointed by each county’s board of supervisors. 

The new law also requires BART, Muni, Caltrain and AC Transit to undergo a two-phase independent third-party financial efficiency review overseen by its own oversight committee composed of four independent experts, four transit agency representatives, and an MTC Commissioner. MTC is responsible for procuring the third-party consultant to conduct the review and for staffing the Oversight Committee. 

A maintenance-of-effort clause in SB 63 requires BART, Muni, Caltrain, AC Transit, Golden Gate Transit, SF Bay Ferry and the bus operators in Alameda and Contra Costa counties to maintain existing levels of funding for operating purposes if a 2026 tax measure is passed by voters. The legislature established this requirement to ensure the measure supplements, rather than replaces, current operations support, with provisions for exceptions that are subject to MTC approval. 

To provide additional oversight regarding the quality of the transit service provided in each county participating in the measure, the legislation allows a county transportation agency or board of supervisors within the District’s geography to require review by an ad-hoc adjudication committee if they believe a transit agency funded by that county’s portion of the measure’s revenue is not applying standards (such as service levels, fare policy, cleanliness, maintenance, access and safety) consistently across counties or if those standards disproportionately disadvantage service or transit equipment/station quality in that county. The committee is composed solely of representatives from counties contributing revenue measure funds to the transit agency under review. Its determinations are binding and may result in withholding up to 7 percent of the transit agency’s funds, a strong incentive for agencies to deliver high quality service that follows consistent standards across all five counties. 

What Local Transportation Officials are Saying: 

“The BART Board of Directors supported SB 63 because it will cover a significant portion of BART’s operating deficit caused by remote work and will allow us to maintain current service levels and improve the rider experience,” said BART General Manager Bob Powers.

 “SB 63 is a step towards protecting essential Muni service and will equip us with resources to continue meeting the needs of San Francisco and the growing region,” said Julie Kirschbaum, San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Director of Transportation.  

“Through Governor Newsom’s leadership and the support of voters, SB 63 will help protect transit for our more than three million monthly riders. In fact, this summer, we took proactive steps to preserve service by redesigning 103 bus lines through our new Realign network. Designed over two years, this all-new network maintains service at 85 percent of pre-pandemic levels. SB 63 gives voters a chance to ensure that these vital bus lines – and our riders’ lifelines – are protected for the future,” said AC Transit Board President Diane Shaw.

“Caltrain has been reinvented as a state-of-the-art rail system, delivering the best service this corridor has seen in its 161-year history. We are seeing the benefits every day with growing ridership, cleaner air, quieter trains, and less-congested roads. To sustain these benefits, it is essential that Caltrain be funded. We are deeply grateful to Governor Newsom and the California Legislature for their leadership in crafting and supporting this legislation, which gives voters the opportunity to consider the vital Connect Bay Area measure in November 2026,” said Caltrain Executive Director Michelle Bouchard. 

“SB 63 represents a transformative opportunity to invest in the future of public transit,” she said. With this measure, we can deliver faster, more frequent service and ensure better connections for all riders across Santa Clara County,” said Carolyn Gonot, Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority General Manager and CEO. 

“We’re excited the Connect Bay Area Act is moving forward and voters will soon have the opportunity to shape the future of public transit along the Peninsula and surrounding Bay Area communities. Next November’s vote will be a pivotal moment to secure reliable, connected and sustainable transportation. With this measure, we can ensure SamTrans, Caltrain and our regional transit partners have the stable funding needed to serve riders for years to come,” said SamTrans Board of Directors Chair Jeff Gee.

MTC is the transportation planning, financing and coordinating agency for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. 

BART Issues Statement of Support

BART issued the following statement on Governor’s signing transit funding measure SB 63:

“BART is grateful to Governor Newsom for signing Senate Bill (SB) 63 into law. The Governor has been a steadfast advocate of transit and BART specifically, recognizing our role in moving the region and strengthening the economy. SB 63 is a historic opportunity to allow voters in five counties of the Bay Area to consider a sales tax measure in November 2026 aimed at preserving and improving transit. 

A regional transportation funding measure would provide a reliable funding source for BART and other agencies to address deficits caused by remote work. The BART Board of Directors supported SB 63 because it will cover a significant portion of BART’s operating deficit and allow us to maintain current service levels and improve the rider experience. 

Before measure funds become available, BART will rely on internal cuts, efficiency measures, and a series of one-time solutions to pay for operations. BART will continue to identify additional cost savings and efficiencies to address our deficit, and we welcome the enhanced accountability measures and financial efficiency review included in SB 63.  

BART is also grateful to Senators Scott Wiener and Jesse Arreguín for championing this legislation and their fierce advocacy for transit funding.”

Allen D. Payton contributed to this report.

For more than 4,700 frontline healthcare workers across Northern California, securing progress on staffing, pay, working conditions 

By Jennifer Kelly, Media Relations, SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West (SEIU-UHW)

OAKLAND, CA – As of Saturday, Oct. 11, 2025, frontline healthcare workers at eight Sutter Health facilities across Northern California have reached a tentative contract agreement with Sutter executives, averting the strike workers had overwhelmingly authorized. The new agreement addresses critical issues around staffing and working conditions by ensuring fair pay and benefits for frontline healthcare workers, allowing them to continue serving patients without disruption. (See related article)

“This tentative agreement shows that when we stand united, we can win improvements that protect both healthcare workers and our patients,” said Dinora Garcia, a dietary clerk from Sutter Lakeside. “Reaching this agreement wasn’t easy but we stood together to advocate for worker and patient safety, improved staffing levels, and fair wages and benefits that reflect the vital work we do every day.”  

The tentative contract agreement needs to be voted on and approved by the members before it is final. If approved, the agreement will provide 14 percent across-the-board raises for workers. The agreement also protects healthcare and retirement benefits for these frontline healthcare workers. 

The tentative agreement averts a strike at eight Sutter Health facilities in Oakland, Santa Rosa, Roseville, Berkeley, Lakeport, Vallejo, Antioch, Castro Valley and San Francisco, where thousands of workers had been preparing to strike.   

SEIU-UHW represents a variety of workers across Sutter Health, including nursing assistants, respiratory therapists, licensed vocational nurses, environmental services, food services, x-ray technicians, respiratory therapists and others. The ratification vote will be scheduled for later this month. 

Sutter Health Issues Statement

According to a Sutter Health spokesperson, “Sutter Health and SEIU-UHW reached tentative agreements for new contracts on Saturday covering more than 4,400 employees at eight hospitals. 

The parties have negotiated in good faith since July for an agreement that recognizes and rewards employees while supporting our ability to deliver safe, high-quality care. We believe the tentative agreements meet those goals. 

SEIU-UHW will soon hold a ratification vote for its membership. We encourage all eligible employees to participate in the vote and support this fair contract offer.”

About SEIU-UHW

SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West (SEIU-UHW) is a healthcare justice union of more than 120,000 healthcare workers, patients, and healthcare activists united to ensure affordable, accessible, high-quality care for all Californians provided by valued and respected healthcare workers. Learn more at www.seiu-uhw.org. 

About Sutter Health

Sutter Health’s integrated, not-for-profit system of associated clinicians, employees and volunteers support more than 3 million patients in diverse communities across two dozen counties. Headquartered in Northern California, Sutter provides access to high quality, affordable care through its hospitals, medical foundations, ambulatory surgery centers, urgent and walk-in care centers, telehealth, home health and hospice services.

Allen D. Payton contributed to this report.

Would require background process for commissioners, allow current police officers from other agencies or former APD or other agency officers, family members to serve

By Allen D. Payton

During their meeting on Tuesday, Oct. 14, 2025, under agenda Item 1, the Antioch City Council will receive a staff report on the Antioch Police Oversight Commission and consider recommended changes to the ordinance.

According to the City staff report, “On July 7, 2025, staff sought input from the APOC regarding updates to this ordinance. APOC’s suggestions were reviewed and consolidated with the suggestions that staff now presents to the City Council. This collaborative effort aims to ensure that any revisions to the ordinance reflect community values, enhance oversight effectiveness, and support the City’s broader goals of transparency, accountability, and continuous improvement.

“This effort is being carried out in response to City Council direction and aims to identify opportunities to strengthen the Commission’s structure, clarify its authority, and improve its effectiveness. One of the main goals of this review is to ensure consistency with best practices in civilian oversight and to support compliance with the Memorandum of Agreement between the City of Antioch and the U.S. Department of Justice.”

The suggested amendments to the ordinance include the following:

1. Under Section 4-3.103 MEMBERSHIP AND APPOINTMENT, adding “the Chair, Mayor, and City Manager shall interview applicants and make recommendations to the Council”; adding a background process for commission applicants with information from personal interviews and social media reviews, and have them sworn in by the City Clerk or an authorized member of the Clerk’s Office;
2. Revise the language to read: “The Mayor and City Council shall strive to appoint and confirm members to the Commission with the intent of ensuring meaningful representation from individuals with diverse backgrounds and perspectives. While not required to include representation from each category listed below, and recognizing that some individuals may reflect more than one category, the following are important Factors to consider when making appointments:”
3. Delete the following sub-subsections which list the individuals currently ineligible to serve as a Police Commissioner: a) current sworn police officer or his/ her spouse; c) former Department sworn employee or his/ her spouse; or d) current or former employee, official, or representative of an employee association representing sworn police officers or his/ her spouse. The only remaining prohibition would be for a current City employee or his/ her spouse.
4. Under Section 4-3.104 TERMS OF OFFICE AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE, adding the City Manager, Mayor, or any member of the City Council has the authority to make the recommendation; under subsection D) Regarding the removal of a Commission member add, “the City Manager, Mayor, or any member of the City Council has the authority to make the recommendation.” (4) – sub-subsection d) Regarding “absences from at least three meetings in a one- year span of time” delete word “unexcused;” (5) – sub-subsection e) Change to “violation of the APOC Rules of Decorum and conduct policy.”
5. Under Section 4-3.106 MEETINGS, subsection (A) – change to “at least once each month” and delete “July and December” language and that APOC would have the authority to hold additional meetings by majority vote.
6. Under Section 4-3.108 BUDGET, include a sentence that the funding will be incorporated into the City Manager’s budget, with the specific allocation amount determined during each budget cycle.
7. Under Section 4-3.109 TRAINING, Add a requirement that each Commissioner complete a police ride-along within the first 30 days of appointment and participate in at least two ride-alongs annually. Additionally, Commissioners must complete use-of-force simulator training within 90 days of appointment and annually thereafter. Commissioners are also required to complete all training outlined in the APOC Training Plan. Add a requirement that all training requests requiring city funding must be pre-authorized by the City Manager.
8. Under Section 4-3.110 POWERS AND DUTIES, Add “Personnel Complaints” to list of policies. Edit: subsection (B) “Work with the City Attorney to clarify the process for recommending changes to the specified policies. If APOC and the department agrees on the proposed changes, the Police Chief shall amend the policy accordingly. If APOC and the Department disagree, the proposed changes shall be forwarded to the City Council for final approval or rejection.” Under subsection (D) – Discussion of the requirement for APOC to review the proposed budget and conduct at least one public hearing.”
9. Addition: Temporary pause of APOC. The City Council has the authority to temporarily pause APOC. Such action may only be approved by a majority vote of the City Council and will be based on factors including, but not limited to, the Commission’s effectiveness, compliance with legal obligations, budget constraints, or shifts in city priorities. The temporary suspension cannot exceed three months within a rolling 12-month period. APOC does not have the authority to pause, without City Council Authorization.”

The City Council can also offer additional recommendations.

See Agenda Item 1 City staff report including presentation with recommended ordinance amendments.

Watch the most recent APOC meeting on Sept. 15, 2025.

Meeting Information

The meeting will be held in the Council Chambers at City Hall, 200 H Street, in Antioch’s historic, downtown Rivertown. They can also be viewed via livestream on the City’s website and the City’s YouTube Channel, on Comcast Cable Channel 24 or AT&T U-verse Channel 99.

See full meeting agenda packet.

Will discuss $30 million lawsuit by desal plant general contractor

By Allen D. Payton

During their meeting on Tuesday, Oct. 14, 2025, the Antioch City Council will consider approving a 137-unit rental housing project in the northeast part of the city, within the City’s Priority Development Area north of the Antioch BART station. They will also consider spending an additional $245,000 on an Organizational Efficiency Implementation Consultant and splitting the $21 million L Street Pathway to Transit Project into two projects.

City Faces $30M+ Lawsuit by Desalination Plant General Contractor

Before the regular meeting, the council will hold a three-hour Closed Session, beginning at 4:00 p.m., for labor negotiations with the Management Unit, Treatment Plant Employees’ Association, Operating Engineers Local Union No. 3, Confidential Unit, Antioch Police Officers Association, and Antioch Police Sworn Management Association. In addition, the council will discuss two lawsuits, including: Shimmick Construction Co v. City of Antioch, Contra Costa Superior Court Case No. C25-01690 for Unlimited Breach of Contract/Warranty by the General Contractor for non-payment for work on the City’s Brackish Water Desalination Plant in which they are seeking damages of $30 million plus interest; and Antioch Adams Warehouse et al. v. Jason Walker (and City of Antioch), Contra Costa Superior Court Case No. MSC 18-02260 regarding a property dispute on Cesa Lane, as well as anticipated litigation.

Consultant for Organizational Efficiency Implementation Services

According to the City staff report, for Item 2.P., “It is recommended that the City Council adopt a resolution approving a Professional Services Agreement with K. Zelenka Consulting to provide organizational efficiency implementation services and other functions in an amount not to exceed $245,000…that will help the City Manager advance the City’s adopted efficiency review recommendations and ensure continuity in several key initiatives. The

consultant will concentrate on facilitating process improvements, coordinating efforts across departments, and supporting the City’s ongoing commitment to organizational effectiveness and customer-focused service delivery.”

In addition, the report reads, “K. Zelenka Consulting is in the process of completing the City’s comprehensive organizational efficiency audits, which have identified a series of actionable recommendations to improve operations, streamline processes, and enhance overall service delivery.

“The consultant will immediately continue the Operational Assessments with the Human Resources Department (in final draft phase) and will begin assessments for Antioch Police Department (APD) Dispatch Center, Community and Economic Development Department, and Parks and Recreation Services Department this month. The consultant will also identify new opportunities for process improvement, recommend strategies to enhance service delivery, and assist with community engagement and stakeholder communication related to organizational changes. As directed by the City Manager, the consultant may provide policy and program analysis and attend City Council or community meetings to present updates.

“Because K. Zelenka Consulting conducted the original organizational efficiency audits and possesses specialized knowledge of the City’s operations, her continued involvement is essential to maintain momentum and ensure consistency in implementation.

“Funding for this initiative will come from cost savings achieved during the vacancies of the Assistant City Manager and Executive Assistant positions within the City Manager’s office, while recruitment efforts to fill the open roles continue and commence.”

Vineyard Crossing Rental Housing Project – Part of Almondridge, City’s PDA

Under Item 6, the Council will consider approving a 137-unit housing project by Walnut Creek-based BrightSky Residential on 14.6 acres located northwest of the intersection of Phillips Lane and Oakley Road within the City’s Priority Development Area near the BART Station. According to the City staff report, the proposed project would subdivide the project site into 71 individual lots containing 137 residential units total with 45 single-family residential lots and 40 accessory dwelling units (ADUs) on the western parcel. A condominium map could be recorded for the duplex lots 46-71 on the eastern parcel, for 26 duplex building lots creating 52 condominium lots.

In addition, the “proposed project designates 10% of base units (13 of the ADUs total) as affordable to low-income households to obtain a density bonus of 16 additional units (included in the 137) as well as waivers from certain development standards, in accordance with state density bonus law.” They would be deed-restricted and available for households earning 60 percent of the Area Median Income (AMI). The City’s proposed Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, which would require designating 15% of units in new developments as affordable, cannot apply as the Council has not yet adopted it.

The applicant has indicated that they intend to own and operate the entire project after construction as a rental housing community. However, the proposed Vesting Tentative Map is for condominium purposes for the duplex lots on the eastern parcel and would allow for the possible future sale of each residential duplex unit.

The project site is part of the Almondridge South Planned Development District that was entitled in 1991 but only partially developed since that time. Single-family residences were developed to the west of the project site, but both of the project parcels have remained undeveloped.

As part of the City’s 2003 General Plan, the western project parcel was designated Medium Low Density Residential with a density of up to 6 dwelling units/acre permitted and the eastern project parcel was designated Medium Density Residential with a density of up to 10 dwelling units/acre permitted.

The project applicant submitted a preliminary development plan and received feedback from the Antioch Planning Commission and City Council in December 2023 and January 2024 respectively.

The applicant submitted a Preliminary Application under SB 330 (The Housing Crisis Act of 2019). Through the Preliminary Application process put in place under SB 330, housing developments may only be subject to the ordinances and objective standards in effect at the time when a completed Preliminary Application is submitted. To qualify, projects had to be submitted prior to Jan. 1, 2025.

Rezoning Not Required, ADU’s Not Counted Toward Density per State Law

While the project does not conform to the adopted Planned Development zoning standards for the site such as lot size and setbacks, it is consistent with the density established in the General Plan, and therefore per state law, a rezoning is not required to develop the project. Additionally, per state law, accessory dwelling units are not counted as units for the purposes of determining the proposed density of a project.

As part of Plan Bay Area, each of the 101 cities in the nine-county Bay Area were required to set aside land for a Priority Development Area (PDA) near public transit planned for new homes, jobs and community amenities, including higher-density housing. In order for Antioch to obtain approval for a BART extension and station, the city council had to agree to 2,500 housing units in the City’s 400-acre PDA. It includes the land east of the BART station and north to E. 18th Street.

Amenities located on the western parcel of the site would include a recreation center with an outdoor pool area as well as a children’s play area. Amenities located on the eastern parcel would include an activity lawn area with park benches in the northern portion of the parcel.

Parking

The project provides a total of 408 parking spots. This includes 194 spots within 2-car garages for each single-family home and duplex unit, 130 spots within the single-family home and ADU driveways, and 84 spots on streets. Projects receiving a density bonus are entitled to reduced parking standards, with a maximum parking requirement of 1.5 parking spaces for a 3-bedroom unit (all units proposed for the development, with the exception of the ADU’s are 3-bedroom). The 45 single family homes and 52 duplex units would therefore require 146 parking spots.

The project parking therefore exceeds what is required for a density bonus project, and in fact also exceeds standard municipal code requirements for parking (single family detached – 2 spots per unit in a garage plus 1 guest spot – 135 total – single family attached – 2 spots per unit plus 1 per 5 units for guest parking – 114 spots total).

Split $21 Million L Street Pathway to Transit Improvement Project into Two

Under Item 8 the council will consider splitting the planned $21 million L Street improvement project into two projects to reserve funding.

According to the City staff report for the item, the L Street Pathway to Transit (“Project”) will improve accessibility for all modes of transportation and beautify the L Street corridor between Highway 4 and the Antioch Marina.

“The first phase of work on the Project will consist of modifying portions of the roadway, constructing new concrete curb, gutter, sidewalks and curb cuts, installing landscaping and decorative hardscape, improve bicycle access and upgrading signage, and striping throughout the Project from Highway 4 to Sycamore Drive, and from West Tenth Street to the Marina.

“The second phase of work will consist of widening the roadway to four lanes between West 10th Street to West 18th Street, installation of new sidewalks on the western side of the roadway, ADA-compliant upgrades, signal improvements at the intersection of W. 10th and W. 18th Streets, enhanced bus facilities, and the addition of bike lanes. (P. W. 234-16).

“In order to keep the funding sources separately, staff recommends separating this work into two projects. The first phase will be funded by Measure J funds in the amount of 1,191,465 and the One Bay Area Grant (OBAG2) in the amount of $1,469,000. The second phase will be funded by the state’s Road Maintenance and Rehabilitation Account (RMRA) in the amount of $5,244,167, and a U.S. Department of Transportation’s Safe Streets and Roads for All (SS4A) Grant in the amount of $13,008,000, which has already been budgeted for in the 5 Year Capital Improvement Program 2025-2030.”

Meeting Information

The meetings will be held in the Council Chambers at City Hall, 200 H Street, in Antioch’s historic, downtown Rivertown. They can also be viewed via livestream on the City’s website and the City’s YouTube Channel, on Comcast Cable Channel 24 or AT&T U-verse Channel 99.

See full meeting agenda packet.

Black and Latino students make progress; pandemic widened math gender gap; more English learners are proficient

New Titles for Four Levels of Achievement: Advanced, Proficient, Developing or Minimal

By Diana Lambert, Zaidee Stavely, Betty Márquez Rosales and Daniel J. Willis, EdSource.org, republished with permission

Top Takeaways

• California test scores show students still struggle with learning loss five years after the Covid pandemic.
• Students improved by 1.8 percentage points in math and English language arts last school year, the largest year-over-year increase since before the pandemic.
• Despite increases, serious equity gaps persist.
• Science scores were the only ones to return to pre-pandemic levels

Five years after the Covid pandemic closed schools and pushed students into a year of distance learning, California test scores show that — despite increases — students are still struggling with learning loss. 

During the 2024-25 school year, the number of students who were advanced or proficient in math and English language arts improved by 1.8 percentage points in each subject — the largest year-over-year increase since before the Covid pandemic, according to Smarter Balanced test scores released Thursday. Science scores increased by 2 percentage points.

“There is greater progress this year than we had last year,” said State Board of Education President Linda Darling-Hammond. “Gains in ELA and science are about four times the level of the gains last year, and the gains in math are about twice the level of the gains last year. So, it feels like there is some momentum toward improvement.”

New Titles for Four Levels of Achievement: Advanced, Proficient, Developing or Minimal

The titles of the four levels of achievement are different this year. In March, the California State Board of Education chose new titles to describe how students perform on standardized tests, including the Smarter Balanced tests. 

Students will now be labeled as advanced, proficient, developing or minimal to describe their knowledge and skill level.

Students who are advanced, proficient and developing are all working within their grade level band, while students who are at the minimal level are not consistently showing grade-level standards, said State Board of Education President Linda Darling-Hammond.

“Proficient is a pretty high bar because that is very thorough mastery of grade-level standards and advanced is very sophisticated,” she said.

Smarter Balanced tests are given to students in third through eighth grades and in 11th grade as part of the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP), which also includes the English Language Proficiency Assessment.

CAASPP test scores for California nearly 1,000 school districts and 10,000 schools are available on EdSource’s searchable database.

Despite the improvement at all grade levels, the number of students who were advanced or proficient in English language arts last year only increased to 48.8%, 37.3% in math, and 32.7% in science. 

That wasn’t enough to bring scores up to pre-pandemic levels when more than half of California students, 51.7%, met or exceeded state standards in English language arts, and 39.7% met or exceeded state standards in math. 

Science scores were the only ones to return to pre-pandemic levels, with 2.8% more students scoring proficient or better last year compared to 2018-19.

Equity isn’t improving fast enough

“I think certainly these scores are headed in the right direction,” said Christopher Nellum, executive director of EdTrust-West, an education advocacy organization. “I would argue, at the wrong speed if we’re serious about equity … we need double-digit gains, not incremental gains.”

The California School Boards Association is also calling for a state plan to close the achievement gap that includes increased funding for school districts with a large population of high-needs students, as well as increased accountability and transparency from the state.

“We shouldn’t let a point or two in a positive direction detract from the fact that millions of California students are still being underserved and those students are disproportionately concentrated in certain demographic groups that have been lacking for decades,” said Troy Flint, chief information officer at the CSBA.

Nation’s third graders have similar scores

California’s third-grade reading scores are similar to most other states in the country, which have grown about 1% a year between 2022 and 2025, said David Scarlett Wakelyn, a partner with Upswing Labs, a nonprofit that works with school districts to improve reading instruction. California has had 0.7% annual growth in reading scores in those years, Wakelyn said.

Third grade is considered a crucial year for students to begin reading to learn, a key indicator for academic success. Last school year, 44.21% of California third graders were proficient or advanced in reading. The year before that, it was 42.8%.

Only Louisiana has returned to pre-pandemic levels for third-grade reading, Wakelyn said. The state, which doesn’t use the Smarter Balanced test, has high-quality curriculum and instructional materials in use across the state, he said.

More English learners are proficient

Slightly more English learners tested as proficient on the English Language Proficiency Assessment for California (ELPAC) than last year. Students who speak a language other than English at home and have not yet achieved proficiency in English are classified as English learners and must take the ELPAC every year until they achieve proficiency.

The test measures proficiency in reading, writing, speaking and listening in English, and has four levels of proficiency — “beginning to develop,” “somewhat developed,” “moderately developed,” and “well developed.” 

The percentage of English learners with “well developed” English went up from 14.6% in 2024 to 15.5% in 2025, while the percentage of students at the other levels stayed relatively the same. In 2023, however, 16.5% of English learners achieved the “well developed” level of English.

Students’ progress on the ELPAC is important because once students are reclassified as “fluent English proficient,” they generally do better than native English speakers on English and math tests. For example, 60.2% of former English learners who are now considered proficient met or exceeded the standard in English language arts in 2025, compared to 53.3% of native English speakers.

Martha Hernandez, executive director of Californians Together, an organization that advocates for English learners statewide, said she’s happy that more students have progressed to “well developed” English on the ELPAC, but that the state needs to help more students learn English.

“We need to continue investing in professional development focused on comprehensive English Language Development, especially integrated ELD for all teachers across all subjects. I think that’s critical,” Hernandez said, adding that she was hopeful that the state’s new initiatives to teach reading and math with more focus on including instruction for learning English will help students.

She also said English learners need more access to bilingual programs, since research shows students have stronger outcomes in English when they are enrolled in bilingual programs.

Black and Latino students make progress

The number of Black and Latino students who met or exceeded the standard in English language arts, math and science grew somewhat, with the percentage of students in both groups increasing between 2% and 2.4 % over the last year.

Still, the overall percentage of both Black and Latino students meeting or exceeding the standards remained low, compared to white and Asian students. Only about a third (32.8%) of Black students met or exceeded the standard in English, and only about a fifth (20.1%) did so in math. 

Among Latino students, 38.8% met or exceeded the standard in English and a quarter (25.7%) did so in math. In comparison, 61.8% of white students met or exceeded standards in English, and 51% in math, and among Asian students, 74.36% met or exceeded standards in English and 70.3% in math.

Students from all groups are still below pre-pandemic levels in both English and math.

“I don’t get why we are not outraged when two-thirds of any subgroup is not meeting proficiency in core areas like reading and math,” said Tyrone Howard, professor of education at UCLA. He said that state and school districts need to examine what may be helping some Black and Latino students and do more of it.

“I think we know to a large degree what works — high-dosage tutoring, that Black students have access to highly trained, culturally competent teachers, that we have the appropriate language supports for multilingual students,” said Howard. “We just haven’t been committed to it.”

Travis Bristol, associate professor of education at UC Berkeley and faculty director for the Center for Research on Expanding Educational Opportunity, said the small growth among Black and Latino students’ test scores should be celebrated.

“The fact that we see increases in Black and Latinx students suggests, at least to me, that some of the state’s strategies to improve outcomes for these students appear to be working,” Bristol said.

He said successful strategies include a state grant program that provides $25,000 incentive awards for national board-certified teachers in schools with large populations of low-income students, English learners or foster youth, as well as the community schools program, with wrap-around health and other services in schools.

“Because they’re paying off, we need to double down and continue to invest so we are not at a place where only a third of Black students meet or exceed the standard in English language arts, or only a quarter of Latinx students meet or exceed the standard in math,” Bristol said. “No one wants that.”

Pandemic widened math gender gap

For the second school year in a row, both girls and boys improved their scores in math and English language arts. This year’s scores show that 52% of girls met or exceeded English language arts standards versus 45% for boys. In math, 35% of girls and 39% of boys met or exceeded standards.

The difference, however, is in how quickly those improvements are occurring.

Between 2022-23 and 2023-24, math scores for girls and boys improved by 0.79 and by 1.04 percentage points, respectively. In comparing the rates of improvement between 2023-24 and 2024-25, girls’ math improved by 1.59 percentage points while boys’ scores jumped by 1.9.  

And in English language arts proficiency, girls improved at about the same rate as boys in 2023-24. But the test scores for the most recent school year show a shift, with girls improving by 1.63 percentage points and boys by 1.91. 

Due to the difference in the pace of improvement, boys’ scores are much closer than girls to their pre-pandemic math and English scores. 

A difference of a few percentage points between students might not be a big issue, “but what could be happening is that girls are interpreting that in a way that makes them feel discouraged about pursuing different types of careers,” said Ian Thacker, an associate professor of educational psychology at the University of Texas at San Antonio who previously also taught math and physics in California. 

Prior to the pandemic, girls were advancing in math at such rates that they either nearly or fully closed gender gaps across California. But since the pandemic, the gap has widened. A recent analysis by the Associated Press, using data from the Stanford Education Data Archive, found that girls had higher math scores than boys in 62% of California districts in 2018-19, but in only 4% in 2023-24.

Researchers say there is no known definite reason for this shift, but theories range from higher rates of mental health challenges among girls during the pandemic to gendered differences in academic expectations for girls and boys. 

A study Thacker co-authored in 2022, for example, showed differences in teachers’ beliefs about their students’ capacity to succeed in math.

“It’s more than just ‘how skilled are these students,’” Thacker said. “There’s a lot more going on beneath the surface, especially when it comes to cultural social stereotypes, kind of driving people’s self-perceptions.”

Megan Kuhfeld, director of growth modeling and data analytics for the education research company NWEA, has found California’s scores mirror national trends.

“It is important for districts to reexamine classroom dynamics and instructional practices, particularly in STEM classes. If pandemic-era shifts in behavior and teacher attention have disproportionately benefited boys in STEM classrooms, this may be contributing to the divergence we see in achievement,” Kuhfeld said.

Economically disadvantaged students make gains

Statewide, about 38% of socioeconomically disadvantaged students met or exceeded English language arts standards, up from 37% from the prior year, and just over 26% met or exceeded math standards, up from 25% from the prior year. 

The socioeconomically disadvantaged subgroup includes students who meet one of eight criteria, including those eligible for free or reduced-priced meals, experiencing homelessness, enrolled in school while at juvenile hall, and eligible for foster care.

While their test scores remain lower than pre-pandemic levels, they have improved year-over-year, with the most recent test scores showing that socioeconomically disadvantaged students are less than 1 percentage point away from their 2018-19 English language proficiency levels and 1.29 percentage points below their math proficiency levels. 

What stands out is that the rate of improvement slowed down this year, particularly in math. 

During 2023-24, this student group improved by 1.54 percentage points in English and by over 2 percentage points in math. The most recent scores show they improved by 1.4 in English and by 1.2 in math. 

Several of the students included in this subgroup have some of the highest rates of chronic absenteeism and often live in unstable environments, at times moving repeatedly due to changes in foster placement or inability to get to school on time because of inconsistent transportation. 

Local context is critical, noted Kuhfeld. “State and national data provide helpful starting points, but the real value comes from using those data to guide deeper, community-level inquiry into which students need the most support and where resources can have the greatest impact.”

It’s important to be aware that a focus on proficiency rates could “obscure meaningful trends,” she added.

“Given what we know about how achievement dropped off for lower-performing students during the pandemic, paying attention to those students is critical,” Kuhfeld said. “Without that level of detail, we risk missing the students most in need of support.”

By Allen D. Payton

According to Antioch Police Lt. Joe Njoroge, a pedestrian was struck by a train on Tuesday evening, Oct. 7, 2025, in the area of 6th and A Streets. BNSF, the railroad company, are the primary investigators, he added.

According to Contra Costa County Deputy Coroner Aaron Carson, the victim was identified as Leighann Kingsbury, 34 years old, from Massachusetts.

Antioch homeless advocate Nichole Gardner spoke with Kingsbury’s sister who said she was from Worcester and moved here 14 years ago and confirmed Leighann was unhoused at the time of her death.

Workers demand public health department investigations into claims of unsafe staffing, unsanitary conditions, dangerous care practices

Fresnenius denies workers’ allegations, Satellite does not respond

By Renée Saldaña, SEIU, Press Secretary, SEUI – United Healthcare Workers West

CALIFORNIA –  Dialysis healthcare workers in counties across California delivered complaints to local Departments of Public Health on Tuesday and Wednesday that detail alarming and persistent violations inside dialysis clinics operated by Satellite Healthcare and Fresenius Medical Care in Stockton, Santa Rosa, San Diego, Imperial Valley, Riverside, San Bernardino, Sacramento, and the Bay Area, including a location in Antioch.

The complaints, filed by members of SEIU–United Healthcare Workers West (SEIU-UHW), outline conditions that workers say create unsafe working conditions and put vulnerable dialysis patients at serious risk, including chronic understaffing, infection control failures, unsanitary facilities, and unsafe equipment.

“Dialysis patients deserve safe, quality care – but instead, we’re seeing clinics where workers are stretched so thin that even basic safety protocols can’t be followed,” said Mike Badilla, a patient care technician at Satellite Healthcare in Gilroy. “We’re speaking up because these conditions are unacceptable for workers and our patients. These companies know what the problems are. They’ve been warned before. But until they’re forced to change, patients will keep paying the price.”

The complaints detail a disturbing pattern of systemic issues across multiple facilities, including:

• Unsafe staffing levels leaving workers responsible for more patients and tasks than can be safely managed, leading to skipped safety checks, improper infection control procedures, and missed treatments.
• Equipment failures and unsafe environments such as broken Hoyer lifts requiring firefighters to move patients, leaking water treatment rooms, broken air conditioning systems, and debris left around treatment areas during renovations.
• Infection control lapses including visible blood stains in patient areas, improper disinfection procedures, and insufficient time between treatments to safely clean equipment.

“Our clinics are understaffed, under-resourced, and run by executives more focused on profits than worker and patient safety,” said Bonnie Oconer, a patient care technician at Fresenius Medical Care in Riverside. “We’re calling on public health departments to investigate these conditions and hold these companies accountable.

Dialysis workers have been raising alarms for years about unsafe conditions in the dialysis industry. Despite past citations from state inspectors, similar safety failures continue, and caregivers say that without stronger enforcement and meaningful changes from employers, workers and patients will remain at risk.

SEIU-UHW represents more than 700 dialysis caregiversat Fresenius, Satellite Healthcare and U.S. Renal in various job classes, including registered nurses, patient care technicians, licensed vocational nurses, certified clinical hemodialysis technicians, dietitians, social workers, clinical administrative coordinators, and receptionists.

SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West (SEIU-UHW) is a healthcare justice union of more than 120,000 healthcare workers, patients, and healthcare activists united to ensure affordable, accessible, high-quality care for all Californians, provided by valued and respected healthcare workers. Learn more at www.seiu-uhw.org.

UPDATE: Fresenius Responds, Denies Workers’ Allegations

In response, Kirsten Stratton, Senior Manager for Media Relations, Global Communications of Fresenius Medical Care provided the following company statement:

“SEIU-UHW’s allegations are not supported by facts. Objective government quality metrics routinely demonstrate that our dialysis centers in California lead and outperform the rest of the industry.

The latest Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 5-star quality ratings showed that our California centers have a higher ratio of 4- and 5-star ratings than any other dialysis provider across the country. Our employee hiring and retention far outpace California and nationwide trends. From 2022 through 2024 in California, our average time to fill a position improved by 22%, open positions by 68%, and voluntary turnover from 22% to 10%.

As has been the case throughout this process, our focus will be on bargaining in good faith and providing high-quality, life-sustaining care.”

An effort to also reach Satellite Healthcare for comment was unsuccessful prior to publication time. Please check back later for any additional updates.

Allen D. Payton contributed to this report.

Commission-sponsored bill

By Yating Campbell, Commission on the Status of Women and Girls

(SACRAMENTO, CA) – The Commission on the Status of Women and Girls (CCSWG)’s co-sponsored legislation, SB 642 (Limόn) Pay Equity Enforcement Act, has been signed into law by Governor Gavin Newsom. CCSWG co-sponsored SB 642 along with the California Employment Lawyers Association and Equal Rights Advocates.  

“SB 642 signifies an important victory in advancing gender equity in the workplace on the 10-year anniversary of the California Fair Pay Act, while also recognizing that there is still much to be done to achieve true progress,” said Chair of CCSWG Dr. Rita Gallardo Good. “We thank Governor Newsom and Commissioner Limόn for their leadership and continued commitment to California’s women and girls.”

SB 642 revises outdated gender binary language, allows workers to recover for up to six years of lost pay, harmonizes the statute of limitations with other wage and anti-discrimination statutes, and limits how wide pay ranges may be in public job postings

“With many families continuing to stretch to make ends meet, we reinforce our commitment to equal pay laws that strengthen the economic security of California families and communities,” said Senator Monique Limón. “On Latina Equal Pay Day, I am incredibly proud that Governor Newsom is building upon our pay equity legacy here in California. The Pay Equity Enforcement Act will help narrow the wage gap by providing workers with more negotiation power at the start of their career, while also strengthening workers’ rights to recover lost wages – this is a win for workers and an even bigger win for California families.”

“As a proud co-sponsor of SB 642, we thank Governor Newsom for his signature of SB 642, which will advance pay and gender equity in the state of California for millions of women and girls,” said CCSWG Executive Director Darcy Totten, “SB 642 addresses several critical pay transparency gaps and revising references to gender to be more inclusive and reflective of California’s values. We also thank the author, Senator and Commissioner Limón, for her relentless support of women’s rights and protections in the workplace.”

Research demonstrates that women continue to make 79 cents for every dollar made by their male counterparts. Women of color are shown to be even more severely and disproportionately impacted. Studies also show that, on average, women nationwide lose a combined total of almost $1.7 trillion every year due to the wage gap, impacting the ability to afford basic needs like housing, food, childcare, and preventing women from building long-term financial security. SB 642 remedies these obstacles by enabling women to build long-term economic security and wealth. The provisions of the bill will go into effect January 1, 2026.

“The gender wage gap costs California women billions in lost wages each year—money that could otherwise go toward rent, groceries, childcare, and other essentials that families depend on,” said Jessica Ramey Stender, Policy Director & Deputy Legal Director of Equal Rights Advocates. “SB 642 ensures California remains at the forefront of advancing pay equity. Ensuring women and all workers are paid fairly is not only critical for their financial stability, but also for the economic security and well-being of families across the state.”

“One of the biggest barriers to advancing pay equity is that workers often don’t know that they are being paid unfairly until it is too late,” said Mariko Yoshihara, Policy Director for the California Employment Lawyers Association. “We applaud Governor Newsom for signing SB 642, which will comprehensively strengthen our equal pay laws and extend the ability to recover lost wages due to pay discrimination.”

For more than 50 years, the California Commission on the Status of Women and Girls has identified and worked to eliminate inequities in state laws, practices, and conditions that affect California’s women and girls. Established as a state agency with 17 appointed commissioners in 1965, the Commission regularly assesses gender equity in health, safety, employment, education, and equal representation in the military, and the media. The Commission provides leadership through research, policy and program development, education, outreach and collaboration, advocacy, and strategic partnerships. Learn more at www.women.ca.gov.